A 4-axis CNC (computer numerical control) vertical machining center is a type of CNC machine that is capable of moving a cutting tool along four different axes. The four axes are the X-axis (left to right), the Y-axis (front to back), the Z-axis (up and down), and the A-axis (rotation around the X-axis).

The machine’s control system, typically a computer running specialized software, is used to input the desired cutting coordinates and movement. The control system then sends the information to the machine’s motors, which control the movement of the cutting tool along the four axes.

Here is a general overview of how a 4-axis CNC vertical machining center works:

1. The operator loads the raw material into the machine’s worktable, which is usually a large, rectangular platform that holds the workpiece in place.
2. The operator then inputs the cutting coordinates and the desired movement into the machine’s control system, which is typically a computer running specialized software.
3. The control system sends the information to the machine’s motors, which control the movement of the cutting tool along the X, Y, Z, and A axes.
4. The cutting tool, which is typically a high-speed spindle with a variety of cutting tools attached, moves along the four axes, cutting and shaping the material according to the inputted coordinates.
5. Once the cutting is complete, the operator can remove the finished part from the worktable.

It’s worth mentioning that the 4-axis CNC vertical machining centers are mainly used for milling operations, drilling and boring, and also for complex 3D contours, it’s a versatile machine that can produce a wide range of parts with high precision and efficiency.