A CNC (computer numerical control) router is a type of machine tool that uses computer numerical control (CNC) to control the movement of a cutting tool. It is similar to a CNC milling machine in that it uses precision and accuracy in the manufacturing process, but it is designed specifically for cutting and shaping wood, plastic, and other non-metallic materials.

A CNC router typically consists of a cutting tool, a work table that holds the workpiece in place, and several linear axes (X, Y, and Z) that control the position of the cutting tool. The cutting tool is typically mounted on a spindle that is driven by a motor. The workpiece is held in place on the work table by a fixture or clamping mechanism.

The cutting tool can move along the X, Y, and Z axes, and can be programmed to move at specific speeds and feed rates to produce the desired shape. CNC routers are commonly used to produce a wide variety of parts and components, including signs, cabinetry, and other wooden structures.

CNC routers can be used for cutting, drilling, engraving, and shaping materials such as wood, plastic, foam, and composite materials like acrylic and FRP. They are also capable of cutting 3D shapes and can be used for creating models, molds, and patterns, making it a great tool for prototyping, product development and also in industries like advertising, woodworking, and interior design.

Like other CNC machines, CNC routers are also programed by G-code and are equipped with CAD (computer-aided design) software that can convert the design into code that the machine can understand and execute.

Overall, CNC routers are high precision machines that can help automate the cutting, drilling and shaping of a wide variety of materials. They are widely used in different industrial fields from furniture and cabinetry, signage and engraving, prototyping and many more.